{"id":21,"date":"2016-06-27T22:18:17","date_gmt":"2016-06-27T22:18:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.groupbff.com\/StructuredSettlement\/?page_id=21"},"modified":"2016-06-29T21:48:18","modified_gmt":"2016-06-29T21:48:18","slug":"frequently-asked-questions-faq","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/?page_id=21","title":{"rendered":"Frequently Asked Questions FAQ"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Why are structures important?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">An American life insurance industry study found that after receiving a large sum of money from a lump-sum settlement or judgment, a lottery windfall, or an inheritance, 25% of recipients had <i>nothing left<\/i> within two <i>months<\/i>. At the end of one year 50% had nothing left. After two years 70% had nothing left; and, within 5 years 90% had nothing left. (R.Somers, <i>The Structured Settlement \u2013 A Better Way<\/i>, The Journal of Insurance, March\/April 1979).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Fiscal imprudence is human nature. It\u2019s hard to control spending.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Injured victims who receive large lump sum <i>awards need the money for good reason.<\/i>Structures were created to prevent accident victims from becoming victims again by squandering their lump sums and becoming a burden on family or society.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What is a structured settlement?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">A structured settlement is an alternative to a conventional lump-sum settlement. It is a method of settling a claim for damages in respect of personal injuries or wrongful death by the payment of periodic sums for designated periods of time. The defendant\u2019s liability for payment of the periodic sums is funded through the purchase of an annuity contract from a life insurance company.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">A structured settlement is a <b>tax-free<\/b> financial package paid out over time and tailored to meet the specific needs and preferences of individual plaintiffs.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The structure is a type of <b>annuity<\/b> underwritten by a life insurance company, <u>and<\/u>guaranteed by the defendant\u2019s casualty insurance company (like ICBC).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The annuity payments may be scheduled for any length of time \u2013 even as long as the plaintiff\u2019s lifetime \u2013 and may consist of regular installment payments and\/or future lump sums. Payments can be in fixed amounts or they can vary.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Thus, a structure may provide <b>regular monthly payments<\/b> for a<b> fixed term<\/b>, or for the<b>plaintiff\u2019s life<\/b>. These regular periodic payments can be combined with <b>lump sum<\/b>payments made at fixed intervals in the future (e.g., every five years).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">In our business we refer to structured settlements as Structures. Structured settlements are also referred to as Structured Annuities, Annuity Policies, Annuity Contracts, or simply Annuities.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Payment terms are most often referred to as:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Single Life\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Single Life, guaranteed for X years<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Term Certain<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Periodic Lump sums\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">An acronym for a structured settlement agreement is \u201cSSA\u201d.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>When is a structured settlement appropriate?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">These are examples of cases appropriate for a structured settlement:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">In cases involving the <b>following types of injuries<\/b>: serious head injuries; wrongful death; spinal cord injuries, serious burns; loss of limbs; multiple fractures; moderate permanent injury; injuries that require ongoing medical care.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff will have an <b>expensive cost of future care.<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff will need <b>supplementary income streams<\/b> (in addition to the regular monthly income benefits) for such things as: housing and support staff; support services; respite (break); rehabilitation maintenance intervention; case manager; counselor\/social worker; psychologist; speech language pathologist; transportation; medical expenses; vocational services.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff has <b>poor or limited financial management skills<\/b> or needs professional investment advice.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff has a <b>history of addiction<\/b> to gambling, drugs, or alcohol.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">To <b>avoid influence from family or friends<\/b> regarding the use of settlement funds.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">To <b>avoid squandering<\/b> a lump sum award.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff is a <b>minor<\/b>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff has a <b>diminished earning capacity<\/b> and needs to replace or supplement an income stream.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff\u2019s <b>life expectancy is in doubt<\/b>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">A fatality has left a<b> surviving spouse or dependents<\/b> in need of a <b>guaranteed income stream.<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Children need <b>deferred payments<\/b> to cover educational or other expenses.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff has <b>no immediate need<\/b> for large amounts of money.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The plaintiff wishes to <b>defer commencement of payments<\/b> to a future date (such as retirement) allowing the fund to grow tax-free in the meanwhile.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The <b>plaintiff\u2019s health will deteriorate<\/b> giving rise to the need for <b>periodic lump sums<\/b> to fund equipment purchases.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Elderly plaintiffs who want to <b>plan the distribution of their estates<\/b>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Elderly plaintiffs with a keen interest in <b>lifetime payments<\/b> (to cover nursing home costs for an indefinite period).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Where <b>damages exceed policy limits<\/b> and each dollar counts.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What is a lump sum settlement?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Before 1979 in Canada a plaintiff was compensated for personal injuries with a one-time lump-sum payment representing the sum of all damages suffered by the plaintiff. Whether awarded by a court, or paid as a settlement by the defendant\u2019s insurer, a plaintiff received one lump sum.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">It would then be up to the plaintiff to spend the money wisely.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">In 1978 the Supreme Court of Canada in the case of <i>Andrews v. Grand &amp; Toy Alta. Ltd.<\/i>, [1978] 2 S.C.R. 229, Dickson J. stated (at 236):<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><cite><em>The subject of damages for personal injury is an area of the law which cries out for legislative <\/em><\/cite><em><cite>reform\u2026When it is determined<\/cite><\/em><cite><em> that compensation is to be made, it is highly irrational to be tied to a lump sum and once-and-for-all award.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/cite><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><cite><em>The lump sum award presents problems of great importance. It is subject to inflation, it is subject to fluctuation on investment, income from it is subject to tax\u2026 yet our law of damages knows nothing of periodic payments.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/cite><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Why are structured settlements tax-free?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">In Canada, compensation for personal injuries is tax-free whether the award or settlement is made by a lump sum or by periodic payments.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The Canadian Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) published on May 8, 1987 an Interpretation Bulletin regarding structured settlements. This bulletin is reproduced below, or link here<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ccra-adrc.gc.ca\/E\/pub\/tp\/it365r2\/it365r2-e.html.\"><u>http:\/\/www.ccra-adrc.gc.ca\/E\/pub\/tp\/it365r2\/it365r2-e.html<\/u>.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Do I have to structure my entire settlement?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">No you don\u2019t. You can structure all or part of the settlement award.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Typically negotiations involving structures will provide for an <i>immediate cash payment<\/i>plus <i>future periodic payments<\/i> (e.g., monthly) plus specific <i>lump sum payments<\/i> at future intervals (e.g., every five years).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The immediate cash component can be used for purposes such as:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Payment of legal fees<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Buying equipment<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Modifying a house<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Paying tuition<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Can I take a lump sum and create my own structure?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">No you cannot.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) requires the casualty insurer to be the owner\/annuitant of the structure. Payments under the structure are irrevocably directed to the plaintiff. The money to purchase the structure must be paid directly from the casualty company to the life insurance company (or their lawyers). If the plaintiff or plaintiff\u2019s counsel receives the funds first, Canada Customs and Revenue (CCRA) will disallow the tax-free status of the structure.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">An excerpt from the CCRA Interpretation Bulletin:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><cite><em>To create such a structured settlement the following conditions must be complied with: (a) a claim for damages must have been made in respect of personal injury or death, (b) the claimant and the casualty insurer must have reached an agreement under which the latter is committed to make at least periodic payments to the claimant for either a fixed term or the life of the claimant, (c) the casualty insurer must (i) purchase a single premium annuity contract which must be non-assignable, non-commutable, non-transferable and designed to produce payments equal to the amounts, and at the times, specified in the agreement referred to in (b), (ii) make an irrevocable direction to the issuer of the annuity contract to make all payments thereunder directly to the claimant, and (iii) remain liable to make the payments as required by the settlement agreement (i.e., the annuity contract payout). As a consequence of compliance with the foregoing conditions, the casualty insurer is the owner of, and annuitant (beneficiary) under, the annuity contract\u2026\u201d<br \/>\n<\/em><\/cite><\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Is there a minimum amount that can be structured?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">There is no minimum, but common sense plays a role in determining whether it is worth structuring a settlement.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What is our role as a structure broker?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Consulting with plaintiff counsel and\/or the defendant casualty insurer.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Collecting medical information for use by the life insurance companies in performing an age rate-up (life impairment rating).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Assisting with the design (structuring) of the payment schedule.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Demonstrating a variety of easy-to-understand payment schedules on printouts using exclusive commissioned computer software.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">After the structure is designed, we obtain quotes from each of four federally regulated Canadian life insurance companies.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">We arrange to finalize the transaction between the casualty insurer and the life insurance company.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">We provide a detailed payment schedule showing the dates and amounts of each payment to be made under the structured annuity contract.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">At no charge for the life of the annuity we provide administrative services to the client for address or banking changes, and we\u2019ll provide necessary interaction with the underwriting life insurance company.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Why does a casualty insurer allow structures?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The income stream from a structured annuity is tax-free. The income stream from investment of a <i>conventional lump sum<\/i> is <i>not<\/i> tax-free. Therefore, in order to produce the same <i>after-tax<\/i> income stream in the plaintiff\u2019s hands a casualty insurer must pay out a higher conventional lump sum. It is called a <i>tax gross up<\/i> on the award, and the casualty insurer saves this amount when purchasing a structured annuity.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">These savings are significant when multiplied by any number of similar claims made against an insurer.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>How is the price of a structure established?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">It depends on a number of factors:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The desired level of monthly income<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The number and amount of intermittent lump sum payments<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The prevailing interest rates<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The life expectancy of the plaintiff.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What interest rate is used in a structure?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Structures are based on current long-term interest rates.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">To learn more about interest rates in Canada link to the Bank of Canada website:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/en\/backgrounders\/bg-p6.htm\"><u>www.bankofcanada.ca\/en\/backgrounders\/bg-p6.htm<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/en\/backgrounders\/bg-p6.htm\"><u>.<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Standard Life also has charts showing the history of 30-year interest rates at:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sli.ca\/eng\/reviews\/pdf\/4283f-3.pdf\"><u>http:\/\/www.sli.ca\/eng\/reviews\/pdf\/4283f-3.pdf<\/u><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>How do you protect a structured settlement against inflation?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">When you design the payment schedule, you can build in an annual increase in the monthly payments. The increase can be a fixed percentage amount (called <i>flat indexing<\/i>) or it can be linked to the Consumer Price Index (<i>CPI-indexing<\/i>).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Periodic lump sum payments can also be an effective guard against inflation.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>How safe is the stream of payments?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) requires structured annuity payments to be fully guaranteed by:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">A federally regulated <b>life insurance<\/b> company <u>and<\/u><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The defendant\u2019s <b>casualty insurance company<\/b> or assignee.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">This provides maximum security for the structure fund and the payment stream.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Can the structure be taken away from me?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">No. You cannot sell, assign, give away, mortgage, pledge, or cash in<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(commute) a structured annuity. Payments are irrevocably directed to the<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">plaintiff from the casualty insurer (the legal owner of the annuity) to<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">ensure that if the casualty company goes bankrupt the plaintiff\u2019s payment<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">stream is not subject to an attack by creditors of the casualty insurer.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Also, since the casualty insurer is the legal owner of the annuity, this<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">arrangement prevents the annuity itself from being garnisheed or seized by a<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">creditor of the plaintiff.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>Why is the plaintiff\u2019s life expectancy critical to the cost of a structure?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Structured settlement payments are often made for the life of the plaintiff, with or without a guarantee period.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">In these cases the life insurance company sets the price of the structure after examining the plaintiff\u2019s medical records and the insurance industry\u2019s <i>mortality tables<\/i> to determine how long the plaintiff is expected to live.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">A shorter life means a life insurance company will pay out <i>less <\/i>money over time. Thus, for a given level of \u201cinvestment\u201d (i.e., the purchase price of the annuity) a shorter life expectancy translates into higher monthly benefits for the plaintiff.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Even when the plaintiff lives longer than expected the life insurance company will continue paying benefits for the rest of the plaintiff\u2019s life. The life insurance company assumes the risk of a plaintiff living longer than expected, and it sets the price of the structure accordingly.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What role does life expectancy play in <u>non<\/u>-structured conventional Lump sum awards?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">With <i>non-structured<\/i> conventional lump-sum awards the plaintiff assumes the risk of living longer than expected. In other words, a plaintiff who lives longer than expected might run out of money.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Why? Because in <i>non-structured<\/i> cases the future income award is calculated as the present value of the <i>expected<\/i> future income stream, which is based on the <i>expected lifespan<\/i> of the plaintiff. A conventional award is paid as a one-time lump-sum payment, and if the plaintiff lives longer than they were expected to live at the time the award was paid, the award might prove to be too low. In the result, the plaintiff in a <i>non-structured<\/i>case may exhaust their funds and run out of money.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">With a <i>structured<\/i> settlement, income benefits can be paid for <i>life<\/i> regardless of how long the plaintiff lives. A structure transfers the risk of outliving one\u2019s income to the life insurance company.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What is an impairment rating or age rating?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">As noted above, where an accident or a health condition lowers the plaintiff\u2019s life expectancy the life insurance company underwriting the structure will <i>expect<\/i> to pay benefits for a shorter period of time than is called for by mortality tables.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The process of determining how long the plaintiff is expected to live is called an<i>impairment rating<\/i>, or an <i>age rating<\/i>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">For example, a life insurer paying $1,000 monthly will charge less for a structured annuity if the plaintiff is expected to live only 15 years longer instead of 30 years longer. Thus a 45-year old might be treated like a 60-year old for the purposes of establishing the price of the structure.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What is a guarantee period?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">A beneficiary designated in a will continue receiving payments after the plaintiff\u2019s death. The structured annuity might be set up for life, guaranteed for a suitable period of time, to provide for the plaintiff\u2019s dependents.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What is a measuring life?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">The purchase price of a structure is directly related to the life expectancy of a plaintiff. The measuring life is almost always that of the plaintiff.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">However, it is possible to base the structure on the joint life expectancies of two people (e.g., husband and wife).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">What happens upon death of the plaintiff\/claimant\/annuitant?<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Four scenarios are possible depending on how the structure is designed: :<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">If the plaintiff dies <i>before<\/i> the end of a guarantee period all remaining payments<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">required to be made under the annuity contract can be made to such beneficiary or beneficiaries as the plaintiff names in a Will, or in accordance with a court order under the Estate Administration Act RSBC c.122.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">If the plaintiff dies <i>after<\/i> the end of the guarantee period the payments cease.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">If there is <i>no guarantee<\/i> period then the payments will cease upon the plaintiff\u2019s death.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">If the structured <i>annuity<\/i> is for a <i>fixed term<\/i> then the payments are made only for that term and the death of a plaintiff has no effect on the structure payments.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><b>What is a reversionary interest?<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">A reversionary clause may be appropriate if the plaintiff has no dependants to support. If a reversionary clause is built into the annuity and the plaintiff dies before the end of a guarantee period the remaining annuity payments <i>revert<\/i> (are returned) to the casualty company.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Since the casualty insurer does not need to receive the payments on the same schedule as the plaintiff, the casualty insurer is allowed to commute (cash in) the annuity and take back a lump sum, which is just like taking back a portion of the purchase price. Accountants can calculate the commuted value of an annuity to the penny based on discounting formulas.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: #000000;\">Sometimes a casualty company will insist on a reversionary clause as a condition of agreeing to the structure; this is especially the case when the plaintiff\u2019s benefits are used to pay expenses associated with the their day-to-day care (e.g., 24-hour nursing, medication etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why are structures important? An American life insurance industry study found that after receiving a large sum of money from a lump-sum settlement or judgment, a lottery windfall, or an inheritance, 25% of recipients had nothing left within two months. At the end of one year 50% had nothing left. After two years 70% had &#8230; <a title=\"Frequently Asked Questions FAQ\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/?page_id=21\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Frequently Asked Questions FAQ<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101,"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions\/101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/finkelsteinstructures.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}